Umm Diwaykarat 24 Novembre 1899
Umm Diwaykarat 24 Novembre 1899 The bodies of the Khalifa Abdallahi (left) and the Amir Ahmed Fadil displayed after the battle. When it had become clear that the day was lost, the Khalifa and his chief lieutenants had knelt on their sheepskins and fearlessly met their deaths.
This pamphlet had been written by a Reuters journalist, the day of 24th.nov.1899
Nilo Campagna
Articolo principale:Spedizione del Nilo
Il governo britannico, a malincuore e in ritardo, ma sotto la forte pressione dell'opinione pubblica, ha inviato una colonna under Sir Garnet Wolseley assistance to relieve the garrison of Khartoum. This has been described in some British newspapers as the 'Gordon Relief Expedition', a title strongly contested Gordon. After defeating the Mahdist at Abu Klea, the column came in sight of Khartoum, only to discover that it was too late: the town had fallen two days earlier, and Gordon and the garrison had been massacred. This event temporarily closed to British involvement in Egypt and Sudan, which has gone completely under the control of the Mahdist.
Mahdist period
The maximum size of the Mahdist state, indicated within the boundaries of modern Sudan
Muhammad Ahmad died soon after His victory in 1885, and was succeeded by Muhammad ibn Khalifa Abdallahi, who has proven to be a capable ruler, even ruthless, the Mahdiyah (or Mahdist state).
The Return of the British
In subsequent years, Egypt had not renounced her claims to the Sudan, and the British authorities considered legitimate request. Under close control by British administrators, the Egyptian economy had been rebuilt, and the Egyptian army reformed, this time formed and led by British officers and NCOs. The situation has evolved in a way that allowed Egypt, both politically and militarily, to retake the Sudan.
In 1891, a Catholic priest, Father Joseph Ohrwalder escaped from captivity in Sudan. Later, in 1895, the former governor of Darfur, Rudolf von Slatin, escaped from the prison of Khalifa. In addition to providing vital information on the provisions Mahdist, both men have written detailed accounts of their experiences in Sudan. Co-written by Reginald Wingate, an advocate of the reconquest of Sudan, both works emphasized the savagery and barbarity of the Mahdist, and through that received widespread publicity in Britain, served to influence public opinion in favor of a military intervention.
In 1896, when Italy suffered a heavy defeat at the hands of the Ethiopians in Adwa, the Italian position in Africa Eastern Europe was severely weakened. With the Mahdist threat in Kassala, the British government tried to help political Italians, making a military demonstration in northern Sudan. This coincided with the growing threat of French invasion of the Upper Nile regions. Lord Cromer, considering that the Conservative and Unionist government in power would favor taking the offensive, was able to extend the demonstration in a real invasion.
Horatio Herbert Kitchener, the new
Sirdar (commander) of the Anglo-Egyptian Army has been ordered to march on March 12, and his forces entered the Sudan on 18 '. Numbering in the first eleven thousand men, the force was armed with Kitchener most modern military equipment of the time, including Maxim machine-guns and modern artillery, and was supported by a flotilla of gunboats on the Nile. Their progress was slow and methodical, while the fortified camps were built along the road and the railway was extended from Wadi Halfa in Sudan, in order to provide the army. Thus, it was not until June 7 that the first serious effort of the campaign occurred when Kitchener led a nine-thousand strong forces that swept away the Mahdist garrison in Ferkeh.
In 1898, in the context of the struggle for Africa, the British decided to reassert the claim of Egypt in Sudan. An expedition, commanded by Kitchener, was organized in Egypt. It was composed of 8,200 British troops and 17,600 Sudanese and Egyptian soldiers commanded by British officers. To feed their advance, the British built a railway from Egypt. The Mahdist forces (sometimes called the Dervishes) were more numerous, with more than 60,000 fighters, but lacked modern weapons.
After defeating a Mahdist force at the Battle of Atbara in April 1898, the Anglo-Egyptian reached Omdurman, the Mahdist capital in September. The main body of the Mahdist attack, but was cut from the British machine guns and rifle fire.
The rest, with the Khalifa Abdullah, fled to southern Sudan. During the chase, the forces met in Kitchener a French force under Major Jean-Baptiste Marchand at Fashoda, leading to the Fashoda incident. They finally caught up with Umm Abdullah Diwaykarat, where he was killed, putting an end to the Mahdist regime.
The victims of this campaign were:
Sudan: 30,000 dead, wounded or captured
Britain: 700 dead British, Egyptian and Sudanese, wounded or captured. Consequences
English established a new colonial system, the Anglo-Egyptian administration, which effectively established the British rule in the Sudan. This ended only with the independence of Sudan in 1956.
Films
Mahdist War was the backdrop for numerous film versions of The Four Feathers, AEW Mason's novel.
E 'was also the subject of Kipling's 1890 novel The Light That Failed, which was made into a film in 1939 starring Ronald Colman and Walter Huston.
General Gordon has been portrayed in the film Khartoum 1966 by Charlton Heston, Muhammad Ahmad starring with Laurence Olivier. See also Wikisource
are the original texts related to this article: Mahdist War
• media related Mahdist War in Wikipedia
• History of the Sudan (1884-1898)
• Northern Africa Railroad Development
• Category: People of the Mahdist War
References 1. ^ "Sudan (New South Wales contingent), March-June 1885". Australian War Memorial. http://www.awm.gov.au/atwar/sudan.htm. Retrieved on 2007-08-04.
2. ^ Only in Sudan invasion of the Italians in Eritrea
3. ^ Only in Sudan invasion of Belgian Congo
4. ^ Only
1885-1889 5. ^ Mortimer, Edward, Faith and Power, Vintage, 1982, p. 77.
6. ^ Churchill, Winston (1902). The River War. Kessinger. p. 17.
7. ^ Ibid
8. ^ Ibid, p18
9. ^ Churchill, Winston (1902). The River War. Kessinger. p. 19.
10. ^ Ibid
11. ^ Milner, Alfred (1898). England in Egypt. Macmillan. p. 60.
12. ^ Ibid, P86
13. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1907). Modern Egypt. Macmillan. p. 354.
14. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1907). Modern Egypt. Macmillan. p. 564.
15. ^ Strachey, Lytton (1918), Eminent Victoria [1], p.96
16. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1907). Modern Egypt. Macmillan. p. 441.
17. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1907). Modern Egypt. Macmillan. pp 442-445.
18. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1907). Modern Egypt. Macmillan. p. 475.
19. ^ Churchill, Winston (1902). The River War. Kessinger. p. 22.
20. ^ Churchill, Winston (1902). The River War. Kessinger. p. 29.
21. ^ Gordon, Charles (1885). Magazines in Khartoum. p. 8. - 34,000 total population, including soldiers
22. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1907). Modern Egypt. Macmillan. p. 564.
23. ^ Ibid p567
24. Revise
lx ^ 25. ^ Churchill, Winston (1902). The River War. Kessinger. p. 29.
26. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1902). Modern Egypt. Macmillan. p. 537.
27. ^ Magazines in Khartoum, p73, 2,242,000 in the shop, spent 3,240,770 12/03/84-22/09/84
28. ^ Magazines in Khartoum, P44
29. ^ Churchill, Winston (1902). The River War. Kessinger. p. 29.
30. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1907). Modern Egypt. Macmillan. p. 572.
31. ^ Cromer, Earl of (1907). Modern Egypt. Macmillan. p. 489.
32. ^ Churchill, Winston (1902). The River War. Kessinger. p. 26.
33. ^ Churchill, pp 89-106
34. ^ Salomon, Noah (May 2004). "Cancel the Mahdiyya: British colonialism as a religious reform in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1898-1914." Marty University of Chicago Martin Centre. http://marty-center.uchicago.edu/webforum/052004/commentary.shtml. Retrieved 7/11/2007.
35. ^ Churchill, p.99
36. ^ Churchill, p.101
37. ^ Churchill, p.137
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